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Technical Articles

BHS – AVA

AVA Vertical or Horizontal Mixers-Dryers for Batch or Continuous Operations

Efficient production processes through process engineering expertise. The mixing process is one of the fundamental processes in solids process engineering. Over time, the trend has developed to use the mixers not only for the homogenization of powders and / or granules, but also the adjacent processes and process steps: This…

BHS-AVA Case History: Continuous Filtration, Cake Washing and Final Drying

An international pharmaceutical company extracts phospholipids from egg yolk and prepares the final product as an additive for pet food. The company optimized the process with technology solutions from BHS and AVA: The BHS continuous vacuum belt filter is followed by the AVA continuous horizontal dryer in a full GMP…

BHS Process Drying Rental Units 

BHS is expanding our process drying rental units with the AVA horizontal, vertical dryer-mixers as well with our ring-layer mixer.  Testing is done at your site or at the AVA test center in Herrsching (Munich), Germany. This is a PDF document: click here to download and view this document.

Energy Density in focus. Modern technology for High-performance battery masses.

Energy Density in focus.Modern technology for High-performance battery masses BHS provides a broad range of modern and flexible technologies for producing electrode pastes, drying single components, or even processing high-temperature applications to obtain the required dryness to bone-dry powder or chemical reactions. This is a PDF document: click here to download and…

Continuum Approach to Optimizing Upstream Filtration with Downstream Drying

This article reviews the optimization of the selection of the final drying technology in conjunction with the upstream continuous solid-liquid filtration, cake washing, and dewatering technology selection. Most often when analyzing a new process development approach, engineers take a “silo” approach and look at each step independently. This article illustrates…

General Filtration

Test it Right for Thin-Cake Filtration Operations

Abstract: The appropriate BHS testing procedures can help direct the selection of pressure or vacuum filtration equipment and ensure optimum equipment operation. For the PDF version of this document, click here.

REAL WORLD EXAMPLES OF INFLUENCES OF PARTICLES AND CAKE FORMATION ON SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY OPERATION

Three different case histories are presented illustrating different scenarios of the impact of particles, particle size distribution (PSD) and cake formation on the separation technology operations. The first is a specialty chemical application for a continuous rotary pressure filter where the particles changed from lab scale to production scale. The…

CONTAINMENT FOR ELIMINATING WORKER EXPOSURE DURING SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATION OPERATIONS

In the 1970’s, chemical operations that I have been exposed to used acetone and benzene for the main slurry solid-liquid separation process as well as for cleaning. In the 1980’s, there was a push to minimizing solvent use and research was looking more towards using water as the process liquid,…

THINKING LIKE SHERLOCK HOLMES FOR PROCESS FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY SELECTION

Solid-liquid separation is an instrumental part of chemical processing. To separate the solid particles, filter media are used as the basis for the filter cake. Often there will also be a washing process to improve the purity of the filter cake or to increase the yield of the liquid phase.…

BHS Solid-Liquid Separations Systems

BHS seminar will cover testing, clarification-combination filtration, candle and pressure plate filter technologies, concentrating candle filters, vacuum belt filters to concentrating candle filters, rotary pressure filters and pharmaceutical Autopress (contained filter press) technology. This is a PDF document: click here to download and view this document.

Thin-Cake Filtration Theory

In most industrial solid-liquid separation applications, the process steps of filtration, washing and dewatering (drying) are conducted on one filter. This paper describes the thin-cake filtration theory for these operations. This is a PDF document: click here to download and view this document.

A Treatise of Filter Cake Washing Mechanisms In Pressure and Vacuum Filtration Systems

Abstract:During many chemical and pharmaceutical process operations, cake washing is required for the removal of the mother liquor, exchange of solvents, dissolution of soluble components and the displacement of insoluble contaminants. This article introduces pragmatism into cake washing theory and will help to guide engineers during their decision-making processes. This…

General Technology

Clean-in-Place Operations for Thin-Cake Filtration Technologies

Abstract: This article discusses the choice of thin-cake (2-25 mm) separation technologies and their benefits to optimizing the effectiveness of the production process. The paper continues with a discussion of clean-in-place operations to meet current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) guidelines including riboflavin test and validations. ANSI/ISA S88 (and IEC 61512-1…

PharmaChem-Cake Washing Mechanisms for Pressure and Vacuum Filtration

Abstract: During many chemical and pharmaceutical process operations, cake washing is required since no filter system can remove all of the mother liquor by pressure or vacuum dewatering only. The need for cake washing to produce a “clean cake” for further processing, drying or disposal can be for several reasons…

Selection of Liquid – Solid Separating Equipment

Abstract: In this three-part article, in part 1 Messrs. Pierson and Perlmutter discuss testing, selection of liquid/solid separating equipment and give practical filtration tips. In part 2 of this, Messrs. Pierson and Perlmutter discuss the finer points of filtration. Finally, in part 3 of their series, Messrs. Pierson and Perlmutter…

Combining Pressure, Vacuum and Clarification Technologies for Optimum Process Solutions with Updated Data in Appendix A

Filtration experts, over the years, have discussed combination filtration and debated its definition. In the realm of cartridge filtration, simply defined, a combination filter is one that does at least one other processing job at the same time as filtering a suspension. For example, this could be carbon canister which…

Selection of Filters for the Separation Process – Barry A Perlmutter

Selecting the right type of liquid/solid separating equipment is not a simple task as the range of equipment is very large. For these reasons it is useful for an engineer confronted with a separation problem to conduct the basic evaluations of the possible or probable solutions and above all establish…

Rotary Pressure Filter

BHS Pharma Rotary Pressure Filter Article

Abstract: The BHS Ph-RPF technology provides improved product quality with more efficient washing ratios compared with the inverting-basket centrifuges. Savings in solvent usage, energy consumption, maintenance costs and capital and installation costs result in overall project savings on the order of 4-6 to 1. For the PDF version of this…

Improving Process Operations with a Rotary Pressure Filter

Abstract: A rotary pressure filter can increase filtration rates, washing and drying efficiencies and eliminate organic solvent emissions. For the PDF version of this document, click here.

A Review of Filter Press Basics Versus Alternative Technologies

Abstract: The range of liquid/solid separation equipment is very large and without an intimate knowledge it can be confusing and even illogical, the main reason being that there are only two basic principles of liquid/solid separation. This means that equipment which an independent expert would not necessarily chose first can…

PharmaChem-Alternative Batch or Continuous Technologies to Filter Presses

Abstract: Filtration experts, over the years, have discussed and debated filter presses and have indicated that soon they would be a thing of the past; the last filter press would be replaced by more modern equipment. Given that filter presses were amongst the oldest mechanical dewatering devices, this was a…

Continuous Pressure and Vacuum Filtration and Washing of Organic Cellulose and Biomass Products

Abstract: The processing of organic, cellulose-containing materials has been around for many years. Currently, due to high oil prices as well as the significant increase in ethanol usage nationwide from both grain based and cellulosic based sources, there is tremendous interest in developing efficient, cost-effective manufacturing processes to produce energy…

Clean-In-Place – BHS Meeting The Requirements in the Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Industries

Current demands and trends in solid – liquid separation applications require that the filter technology have adequate cleaning procedures to prevent cross-contamination and to avoid microbial growth. This presentation demonstrates the CIP system of the BHS Rotary Pressure Filter (RPF) for applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries. The…

Continuous Pressure and Vacuum Filtration Technologies as Alternatives to Batch Filtration Operations

This presentation will discuss lab testing, pilot testing and scale-up for converting chemical processes to continuous filtration technologies from batch filtration operations. The overall scheme can be used by process engineers to develop optimum continuous pressure or vacuum filtration solutions for high-solids slurry applications. This is a PDF document: click…

BHS Website A Review of the Rotary Pressure Filter for the Filtration of a Liquefied Gas Slurry

In the manufacturing of this specialty chemical, the pilot plant examined the process to determine the most effective method for filtration to develop a production process. A study was undertaken, by plant engineering and development, to examine the use of a rotary pressure filter to develop the overall process operations…

Vacuum Belt Filter

A Six Sigma Approach to Evaluating Vacuum Filtration Technologies

Abstract: This article compares three designs of vacuum belt filters (moving tray, rubber carrier belt and the BHS continuous-indexing technology). The evaluation had several stages from initial investigation, bench-top testing and finally pilot-scale testing. The BHS Continuous-Indexing Vacuum belt filter was the selected technology to replace a manually-operated filter press.…

Continuous-Indexing Vacuum Filter as Replacement for Filter Presses

Abstract: The BHS Continuous-Indexing Vacuum belt filter (CI-VBF) with 12 m2 of filter area replaced a 440 m2 filter press. The CI-VBF provided improved washing efficency for a higher quality product, and lower operating and lower maintenance costs with a fully automated operation. For the PDF version of this document,…

Comparison of Gypsum Dewatering Technologies at Flue Gas Desulfurization Plants

Abstract: Recovering gypsum from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) plants is becoming more important as the technical feasibility of substituting FGD gypsum for natural gypsum in traditional applications such as wall board, cement and soil conditioners has been demonstrated. It is estimated that there are over 200 new coal-fired plants and…

A Review of Filter Press Basics Versus Alternative Technologies

Abstract: The range of liquid/solid separation equipment is very large and without an intimate knowledge it can be confusing and even illogical, the main reason being that there are only two basic principles of liquid/solid separation. This means that equipment which an independent expert would not necessarily chose first can…

PharmaChem-Alternative Batch or Continuous Technologies to Filter Presses

Abstract: Filtration experts, over the years, have discussed and debated filter presses and have indicated that soon they would be a thing of the past; the last filter press would be replaced by more modern equipment. Given that filter presses were amongst the oldest mechanical dewatering devices, this was a…

Selecting Thin-Cake Candle Filter Technology for Amine Acid Gas Scrubbing Systems

Abstract: The need for filtration systems in scrubbing units has been well documented. Filtration provides the benefits of reduced hot spots in the regenerator reboiler, reduced heat exchanger fouling and reduction of foaming in the absorbers. This paper discusses thin-cake candle filter technology that is used to remove trace amounts…

Continuous Pressure and Vacuum Filtration and Washing of Organic Cellulose and Biomass Products

Abstract: The processing of organic, cellulose-containing materials has been around for many years. Currently, due to high oil prices as well as the significant increase in ethanol usage nationwide from both grain based and cellulosic based sources, there is tremendous interest in developing efficient, cost-effective manufacturing processes to produce energy…

Dilute Stream Solid-Liquid Separations Using Continuous Vacuum Filtration Technologies

Abstract: Continuous solid-liquid separation, by vacuum or pressure, are integral components of a processing scheme to produce energy from algae, biomass or other types of slurries. In solid-liquid separation systems, there are a wide variety of parameters that influence their performance. These include, for example, particle size and shape, type…

Continuous Vacuum Filtration Technologies for Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Slurries

This article discusses the different types of vacuum filtration technologies in the market for acidic slurries and the issues involved both from a process view and a safety view. Also covered is the use of alternate materials available in the construction of vacuum belt filters to address chemical compatibility concerns…

Process Scale-Up from Demonstration Batch Filtration to Commercial Continuous Filtration

This article will follow the process filtration approach developed for each technology stage gate starting from batch filtration in the lab to continuous filtration for the full-scale commercial operation. The article begins with a discussion of each stage-gate and how to avoid the “cookie-cutter” approach to these types of projects.…

Process Design Strategy: The Advantages of Continuous Filtration for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

The advantages of continuous manufacturing in the chemical industry have been realized for decades. In comparison to batch processing, these advantages include smaller space requirements, lower capital, better quality, higher yield, and improved health and safety concerns among many others. The regulatory environment and relatively smaller scale operations has hindered…

Continuous Pressure and Vacuum Filtration Technologies as Alternatives to Batch Filtration Operations

This presentation will discuss lab testing, pilot testing and scale-up for converting chemical processes to continuous filtration technologies from batch filtration operations. The overall scheme can be used by process engineers to develop optimum continuous pressure or vacuum filtration solutions for high-solids slurry applications. This is a PDF document: click…

Filtration, Cake Washing & Drying: Lab Testing to Pilot Testing to Project Installation and Performance Guarantees

The presentation will discuss lab testing, pilot testing, scale-up, installation and performance guarantee for the BHS candle filter technology. The overall scheme can be used by process engineers to develop optimum filtration solutions for pressure or vacuum, batch or continuous and high-solids to clarification applications. This customer presently filters a…

Replacing Conventional and Manual Vacuum Filters

The BHS technologies of Continuous-Indexing Vacuum Belt Filters provide improved product quality with more efficient washing and drying as compared with conventional vacuum pan and vacuum nutsche filters. Fully automatic operations provide for reduced maintenance costs and overall project savings. This is a PDF document: click here to download and…

Rubber Belt Filter

Comparison of Gypsum Dewatering Technologies at Flue Gas Desulfurization Plants

Abstract: Recovering gypsum from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) plants is becoming more important as the technical feasibility of substituting FGD gypsum for natural gypsum in traditional applications such as wall board, cement and soil conditioners has been demonstrated. It is estimated that there are over 200 new coal-fired plants and…

Continuous Vacuum Filtration Technologies for Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Slurries

This article discusses the different types of vacuum filtration technologies in the market for acidic slurries and the issues involved both from a process view and a safety view. Also covered is the use of alternate materials available in the construction of vacuum belt filters to address chemical compatibility concerns…

Candle Filter

Clarification of API Slurries and Recovery of Solids

Published in the March 2006 Issue of PharmaChem, Milano, Italy (PDF) Abstract: Candle Filters and Pressure Plate Filters are installed for clarification and recovery applications from liquids with low solids content. The candle filters are vertical candles while the pressure plate filters are horizontal plates and both are designed for…

“Reprint from “Pharmaceutical Engineering” , Jan/Feb 2007, The Official Magazine of the ISPE, International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers.

This article discusses how the use of thincake vertical candle filters and horizontal pressure plate filters can efficiently remove activated carbon, metal catalysts, and trace insolubles from Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) slurries. This is a PDF document: click here to download and view this document.

Thin-Cake Filtration Technologies for Removing Activated Carbon, Catalysts and Other Trace Solids From Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Slurries

Abstract: The BHS technologies of Vertical Candle Filters and Horizontal Pressure Plate Filters provide improved product quality with more efficient operations compared with manual pressure filters. The different technologies allow for the selection of the optimum process solution depending upon the cake characteristics and cake structure. Fully automatic operations provide…

Selecting Thin-Cake Candle Filter Technology for Amine Acid Gas Scrubbing Systems

Abstract: The need for filtration systems in scrubbing units has been well documented. Filtration provides the benefits of reduced hot spots in the regenerator reboiler, reduced heat exchanger fouling and reduction of foaming in the absorbers. This paper discusses thin-cake candle filter technology that is used to remove trace amounts…

Replacing Filter Presses and Manual Plate Filters for Removing Trace Solids from Chemical Slurries with Thin-Cake Candle Filter Technology

Abstract: The BHS technologies of Vertical Candle Filters provide improved product quality with more efficient operations compared with filter presses and manual plate filters. Fully automatic operations provide for complete containment of the solids and liquids for reduced maintenance costs and overall project savings. For the PDF version of this…

Solid-Liquid Separation Technology for Removing Contaminant Fines From Water Scrubbing, Clarifier Effluents and Grey Water

This paper discusses thin-cake candle filter technology as an alternative to filter presses and bag and filter cartridges for removing solid contaminant fines from the water streams. These contaminants originate from various sources and are generally less than 1 micron (um) in size, which makes their removal very difficult. Candle…

Pharmaceutical Product Recovery Using BHS Concentrating Candle Filters Downstream of Centrifuges

In the present process, the pharmaceutical slurry goes to a centrifuge for separation and washing and the cake is discharged as the product. The centrate of the centrifuge is discharged as a waste material. However, the centrate contains soluble product which is presently lost. The purpose of this project is…

New Approaches for Removing Catalyst Fines From Chemical and Pharmaceutical Slurries

Generally, the first step after the reaction is a bulk separation process that removes large, coarse solids (larger than 5 µm). This is relatively straightforward, but as processes have become more sophisticated and quality requirements have tightened, it has become necessary to remove residual particle fines from slurries. These particles…

Process Scale-Up from Demonstration Batch Filtration to Commercial Continuous Filtration

This article will follow the process filtration approach developed for each technology stage gate starting from batch filtration in the lab to continuous filtration for the full-scale commercial operation. The article begins with a discussion of each stage-gate and how to avoid the “cookie-cutter” approach to these types of projects.…

Removing salts and contaminants in glycol regeneration

In many chemical and pharmaceutical processes, solid-liquid separation, cake washing and drying steps directly impact the effectiveness of the production operation. Further complicating these operations is the nature of the process and especially if the process is air-sensitive or toxic. Process engineers devote much of their time to analyzing these…

Framework for Selecting Solid-Liquid Filtration Technologies for Particle Fines Removal

In the manufacturing of chemicals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, etc., after the initial mixing-reactions, there is always the necessity to remove the mother liquor from the process slurry. In some cases, the liquid is the valuable component, some cases it is the solids and in other cases it is both compounds. The…

Combination Concentrating Candle Filters and Pressure Plate Filters for Removing Divalent Salts and Contaminants from Monoethylene Glycol Reclamation Units

For the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), monoethylene glycol (MEG) is injected as corrosion inhibitor and to reduce the freezing point of the water in the LNG. In the reclamation unit, rich MEG is converted to lean MEG. During MEG reclamation, the divalent salt concentration increases and these salts…

Combination Concentrating Candle Filter and Pressure Plate Filter Skid System

BHS presentation focuses on a combined two-stage filtration process producing clean filtrates to 0.5 um with concentrating candle filters. The second stage is a pressure plate filter for final cake washing and drying. The benefits are clean filtrates with less water usage and less compressed gas usage. This is a…

Framework for selecting thin-cake candle filter technology for removing solid contaminant fines from recirculating gas scrubbing fluids

Removing acid gases and gas dehydration from gas streams is becoming more important as stricter environmental rules are being developed and gas streams are being developed off-shore for LNG. Candle filter technology and the process of thin-cake building, is a new approach for high-efficiency and cost-effective fines removal. The presentation…

Filtration, Cake Washing & Drying: Lab Testing to Pilot Testing to Project Installation and Performance Guarantees

The presentation will discuss lab testing, pilot testing, scale-up, installation and performance guarantee for the BHS candle filter technology. The overall scheme can be used by process engineers to develop optimum filtration solutions for pressure or vacuum, batch or continuous and high-solids to clarification applications. This customer presently filters a…

BHS Website Solid-Liquid Filtration Trends for Particle Fines Removal in Manufacturing Environments

In the manufacturing of chemicals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, bioenergy etc., after the initial mixing reactions, there is always the necessity to remove the mother liquor from the process slurry. In some cases, the liquid is the valuable component, in some cases it is the solids and in other cases it is…

Framework For Thin-Cake Candle Filter Technology For Removing Solid Contaminant Fines From Gas Scrubbing Liquids

This paper discusses thin-cake candle filter technology that is used to remove trace amounts of solid contaminant fines from the recirculating fluid streams in amine, glycol and water scrubbers. These contaminants originate from various sources and are generally less than 1 micron (um) in size, which makes their removal very…

Selecting Thin-Cake Candle Filter Technology For Removing Catalyst Fines

Removing acid gases from refinery off-gas streams is becoming more important as stricter environmental rules are being developed.  One critical aspect of acid gas removal is the solid-liquid filtration technology that is used to keep the recirculating fluid free of solid contaminant fines.  Filtration provides the following benefits of keeping…

Pressure Plate Filter

Clarification of API Slurries and Recovery of Solids

Published in the March 2006 Issue of PharmaChem, Milano, Italy (PDF) Abstract: Candle Filters and Pressure Plate Filters are installed for clarification and recovery applications from liquids with low solids content. The candle filters are vertical candles while the pressure plate filters are horizontal plates and both are designed for…

“Reprint from “Pharmaceutical Engineering” , Jan/Feb 2007, The Official Magazine of the ISPE, International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers.

This article discusses how the use of thincake vertical candle filters and horizontal pressure plate filters can efficiently remove activated carbon, metal catalysts, and trace insolubles from Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) slurries. This is a PDF document: click here to download and view this document.

Thin-Cake Filtration Technologies for Removing Activated Carbon, Catalysts and Other Trace Solids From Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Slurries

Abstract: The BHS technologies of Vertical Candle Filters and Horizontal Pressure Plate Filters provide improved product quality with more efficient operations compared with manual pressure filters. The different technologies allow for the selection of the optimum process solution depending upon the cake characteristics and cake structure. Fully automatic operations provide…

Relationship of Filter Aid and Filter Media with Clarification Technologies for Fines Removal 2018

This paper discusses the use and selection of filter aid and filter media in conjunction with clarification technologies for the removal of fines from chemical process liquids. This article continues with    case studies performed to determine the ideal ratios of filter aid for body feed to the suspended solids…

New Approaches for Removing Catalyst Fines From Chemical and Pharmaceutical Slurries

Generally, the first step after the reaction is a bulk separation process that removes large, coarse solids (larger than 5 µm). This is relatively straightforward, but as processes have become more sophisticated and quality requirements have tightened, it has become necessary to remove residual particle fines from slurries. These particles…

Removing salts and contaminants in glycol regeneration

In many chemical and pharmaceutical processes, solid-liquid separation, cake washing and drying steps directly impact the effectiveness of the production operation. Further complicating these operations is the nature of the process and especially if the process is air-sensitive or toxic. Process engineers devote much of their time to analyzing these…

Framework for Selecting Solid-Liquid Filtration Technologies for Particle Fines Removal

In the manufacturing of chemicals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, etc., after the initial mixing-reactions, there is always the necessity to remove the mother liquor from the process slurry. In some cases, the liquid is the valuable component, some cases it is the solids and in other cases it is both compounds. The…

Combination Concentrating Candle Filters and Pressure Plate Filters for Removing Divalent Salts and Contaminants from Monoethylene Glycol Reclamation Units

For the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), monoethylene glycol (MEG) is injected as corrosion inhibitor and to reduce the freezing point of the water in the LNG. In the reclamation unit, rich MEG is converted to lean MEG. During MEG reclamation, the divalent salt concentration increases and these salts…

Combination Concentrating Candle Filter and Pressure Plate Filter Skid System

BHS presentation focuses on a combined two-stage filtration process producing clean filtrates to 0.5 um with concentrating candle filters. The second stage is a pressure plate filter for final cake washing and drying. The benefits are clean filtrates with less water usage and less compressed gas usage. This is a…

Framework for selecting thin-cake candle filter technology for removing solid contaminant fines from recirculating gas scrubbing fluids

Removing acid gases and gas dehydration from gas streams is becoming more important as stricter environmental rules are being developed and gas streams are being developed off-shore for LNG. Candle filter technology and the process of thin-cake building, is a new approach for high-efficiency and cost-effective fines removal. The presentation…

Framework For Thin-Cake Candle Filter Technology For Removing Solid Contaminant Fines From Gas Scrubbing Liquids

This paper discusses thin-cake candle filter technology that is used to remove trace amounts of solid contaminant fines from the recirculating fluid streams in amine, glycol and water scrubbers. These contaminants originate from various sources and are generally less than 1 micron (um) in size, which makes their removal very…

Selecting Thin-Cake Candle Filter Technology For Removing Catalyst Fines

Removing acid gases from refinery off-gas streams is becoming more important as stricter environmental rules are being developed.  One critical aspect of acid gas removal is the solid-liquid filtration technology that is used to keep the recirculating fluid free of solid contaminant fines.  Filtration provides the following benefits of keeping…

Autopress

Evaluating thin-cake pressure filtration using the BHS Autopress technology

Abstract: Thin-cake pressure filtration technology offers an alternative to agitated nutsche filters and centrifuges for solid-liquid separation, cake washing, and drying. Solid-liquid separation and cake washing are integral steps in the production of bulk or final pharmaceutical products. Each step must be optimized, along with the downstream dryer. Complicating this…

Thin-cake filtration technology to meet full containment for air-sensitive and toxic chemical and pharmaceutical production

In many chemical and pharmaceutical processes, solid-liquid separation, cake washing and drying steps directly impact the effectiveness of the production operation. Further complicating these operations is the nature of the process and especially if the process is air-sensitive or toxic. This article discusses the choice of thin-cake (2-25 mm) pressure…

Thin-Cake Filtration Technology to meet full containment for air-sensitive and toxic chemical & pharmaceutical production

A new process combining candle filters and pressure plate filters enables more glycol to be safely recovered from natural gas than by conventional methods. This is a PDF document: click here to download and view this document.

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